倒装结构,是考研英语真题中的常客。清楚倒装结构的用法,对于理解文章和翻译大有裨益。接下来,小编带着大家一起来学习考研英语语法——倒装结构。
引起倒装的前置,也就是我们常说的倒装句,主要有以下几种情况:
一、当主语补语前置,由于主语较长或者主语的结构比较复杂的话,这种主语补语的前置就会引起倒装。
Happy indeed are those who receive marvelous news after a long silence.在长时间沉默之后,收到这个奇妙的消息,确实让他们很高兴。(正常语序是Those who receive marvelous news after a long silence are happy indeed.)
二、当宾语为“not a +名词”或者“not a single +名词”的形式,且前置时,也会引起倒装。
I had a terrible time playing roulette at the casino. Not a winning number did I have all night.
我在赌场玩轮盘赌很疯狂,但是一整晚都没有赢过一次。(正常语序应该是I didn’t have a winning number all night.)
三、状语前置引起的倒装。
大部分倒装结构都是由于某些状语的前置而出现的。全部倒装指的是整个谓语部分放置在主语之前,局部倒装指的是操作词放置在主语之前。具体有以下几种情况:
1.当句首状语为方位词up, down, out, away, in,或者拟声词,谓语动词为go,come等表示位置移动的动态动词,且主语是名词时,通常需要全部倒装,达到表达生动的效果。如果主语是人称代词的话,则不需要倒装。
The door burst open and in rushed the crowd. 门突然打开了,一群人冲了进来。(正常语序是The door burst open and the crowd rushed in.)
2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,引起全部倒装。
In this chapter will be found a partial answer. 在这一章节将会找到一部分答案。(正常语序是A partial answer will be found in this chapter.)
3.当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语(never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom)时,一般引起局部倒装。局部倒装指的是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
Never have I found him in such a good mood. 我从没有见过他心情如此的好。
(正常语序是I have never found him in such a good mood.)
4.当句首的状语是由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”、“only+状语分句”构成,也可以引起局部倒装,这也是考研英语翻译常考的一种句型。
Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.(only+原因状语)仅仅是因为有些预订取消了,他才最终买到了几张票。
5.关联词not only…but also…开头的分句往往也会引起局部倒装。
Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay. 他不但抱怨了食物不好,同时也拒绝付账。(正常语序是He not only complained about the food, he (but) also refused to pay.)
6.在so+adj.+that开始的句子中,主语补语前置,引起全部倒装;在so+adv.+that开始的句子中,状语前置,引起局部倒装。
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 这个标志太小了,以至于我几乎看不见它了。(so+形容词small,全部倒装)
So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 这些工人迅速地完成了工作,从而得到了一笔奖金。(so+副词quickly,局部倒装)
7.当频度状语等移至句首时,有时也引起局部倒装。
Many a time has Jane given me good advice. Jane经常给我一些很好的建议。(正常语序是Jane has given me good advice many a time.)
8.如果主语过长,也可全部倒装。
Thus began an intricate minuet between us and the Chinese. 由此开创了我们和中国人之间友好交流的步伐。
四、在虚拟结构中,条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词时,可省去if,将这些词移至主语之前,构成倒装语序。
Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话,就再试一次。
五、以so, nor neither开头的句子表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或者另外一个事物,so用于肯定句,表示“也一样,也这样”,nor, neither用于否定句,表示“同样也不,也不这样”,这样的句子构成了重复倒装句。
My parents didn’t watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I. 我父母昨晚没有看电视,我也没看。
下面,咱们一起来看一下考研英语真题中的实例吧!
【真题实例】Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.(1998年考研英语(一)真题翻译第75题)
(图片来源于《考研真相》)
正如图中的【要点注释】所讲述的,句首的Odd though it sounds为倒装句,还原为正常语序为:though it sounds odd。
关于倒装结构的实例,在考研英语真题中还有很多。但是,只要大家掌握了小编给大家总结的几个类型,理解考研英语真题原句就不会很难。